Paper dryer surface contamination can influence the severity of fiber picking, result in increased adhesion of the paper web to the surface, and impact the severity of cockle (out-of-plane deformation), a paper quality issue. The Web Adhesion and Drying Simulator (WADS) is a unique apparatus designed for investigation of paper sticking and fiber picking. Using the WADS, it has been found that the work of separation and amount of picking depend on roll surface material, contamination and temperature, and on the composition, moisture content and temperature of the web, and contact time. The WADS was also found to be convenient for studying the effect of drying conditions on severity of cockle. Cockle was found to depend on ingoing sheet solids content, surface temperature and degree of heat transfer non-uniformity.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos do consórcio alho e cenoura em quatro épocas de semeadura de cenoura e em três manejos de plantas daninhas, visando determinar os benefícios do consórcio em relação ao controle destas plantas, à produtividade, à rentabilidade e à sua qualidade comercial. Testaram-se quatro épocas de semeadura da cenoura (0, 15, 30 e 45 dias após o plantio do alho), combinadas a três manejos de plantas daninhas (com herbicida, sem controle e com capinas freqüentes). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, com a época de semeadura da cenoura sendo parcela e o sistema de manejo, a sub-parcela, em quatro repetições. O oxadiazon a 750 g ha-1 não foi tóxico às plantas de alho nem às de cenoura. A rentabilidade do consórcio alho e cenoura foi vantajosa em relação ao monocultivo de alho, principalmente dentro do manejo com capinas freqüentes.

This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and carrot (Daucus carota) intercropping at four carrot sowing times under three weed control systems on weed control, yield, profitability and commercial quality, in Caçador-SC - Brazil. Four carrot seeding times (0, 15, 30 and 45 days after planting garlic) and three weed management systems (with herbicide, frequent manual weeding and no weed control) were tested. The experimental design was a randomized block with split-plots and four replications, with carrot seeding times being the plots and the weed management systems, the sub-plots. The herbicide oxadiazon at 750 g ha-1 did not cause toxicity in the garlic, nor in the carrot plants. Garlic-carrot intercropping profitability was greater than that of garlic monoculture, mainly under frequent manual weeding.

Com o objetivo de estudar o sistema de cultivo consorciado das culturas de alho (Allium sativum) e cenoura (Daucus carota) no município de Jaboticabal-SP, testaram-se quatro épocas de semeadura da cenoura (0, 15, 30 e 45 dias após o plantio do alho) combinadas com três manejos de plantas daninhas (herbicida, capinas freqüentes e sem controle). Determinaram-se os efeitos deste consórcio no controle de plantas daninhas, no uso eficiente da terra (UET) e na rentabilidade agrícola. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As épocas foram as parcelas e os manejos as subparcelas. O herbicida oxadiazon a 750 g ha-1 não causou sintomas de intoxicação às plantas de alho e cenoura. Todos os tratamentos de épocas de início de consórcio, dentro dos três manejos de plantas daninhas, apresentaram valores de UET maiores que 1. A rentabilidade do consórcio de alho e cenoura foi maior que a do monocultivo de alho, em qualquer época e principalmente dentro do manejo com oxadiazon.

This work was carried out using intercropped cultivation of garlic (Allium sativum) and carrot (Daucus carota) in Jaboticabal, SP - Brazil. Four seeding timings for carrot (0, 15, 30 and 45 days after garlic planting) and three weed management systems (herbicide, frequent manual weed control and no weed control) were tested. The effects of this intercropped system on weed control, efficient land use and productivity were determined. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with split-plots and four replications, with carrot seeding timings being the plots and the weed management systems, the sub-plots. The herbicide oxadiazon at 750 g ha-1 did not cause toxicity in the garlic, nor in the carrot plants. Regandress of the timing for the intercropping establishment the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) values were greater than one. Garlic-carrot intercropping profitability was greater than that of monocultures of garlic crop, mainly under weed management systems, using the herbicide oxadiazon and frequent manual weeding.